JavaScript Operators

JavaScript is a powerful programming language, which is widely used for web development. Operators is very important concept, which is used to perform multiple type of operations on variables & values. In this article, we will learn about JavaScript Operators in detail with then help of examples.

What is Operators?

Operators are unique symbols in JavaScript that are used to manipulate variables and values. They give you the ability to control program logic, do computations, and work with data. JavaScript operators can be broadly classified into several categories:

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical calculations like add, subtract, multiplication, division etc.

Operator	Description	Example	Result
+	Addition	6 + 6	12
-	Subtraction	6 - 2	4
*	Multiplication	6 * 6	36
/	Division	6 / 2	3
%	Modulus (Remainder)	6 % 4	2
**	Exponentiation	6 ** 3	216

Example

let a = 6;
let b = 2;
console.log(a + b); // Output: 8
console.log(a - b); // Output: 4
console.log(a * b); // Output: 12
console.log(a / b); // Output: 3
console.log(a % b); // Output: 0
console.log(a ** b); // Output: 36

2. Assignment Operators

These operators used for assign values to variables.

Operator	Description	Example	Equivalent
=	Assigns value	x = 5	x = 5
+=	Adds and assigns	x += 5	x = x + 5
-=	Subtracts and assigns	x -= 5	x = x - 5
*=	Multiplies and assigns	x *= 5	x = x * 5
/=	Divides and assigns	x /= 5	x = x / 5
%=	Modulus and assigns	x %= 5	x = x % 5
**=	Exponentiation and assigns	x **= 5	x = x ** 5

Example

let x = 6;
x += 5; // x = 11
x /= 2; // x = 3
console.log(x);

3. Comparison Operators

These operators are used to compare two values and also return a boolean(true or false).

Operators	Description	Example	Result
==	Equal to	3 == '3'	true
===	Strict equal to	3 === '3'	false
!=	Not equal to	3 != '3'	false
!==	Strict not equal to	3 !== '3'	true
>	Greater than	5 > 3	true
<	Less than	5 < 3	false
>=	Greater than or equal to	5 >= 5	true
<=	Less than or equal to	5 <= 3	false

Example

console.log(5 == '5');  // true
console.log(5 === '5'); // false
console.log(5 > 3);    // true
console.log(5 <= 3);   // false

3. Logical Operators

Sometimes, we need to used multiple condition together. In this case, We use logical operators.

Operators	Description	Example	Result
&&	Logical AND	true && false	false
\|\|	Logical OR	true \|\| false	true
!	Logical NOT	!true	false

Example

let x = 3, y = 5;
console.log(x > 0 && y > 0); // true
console.log(x > 0 || y < 0); // true
console.log(!(x > 0));       // false

5. Bitwise Operators

These operators works at the binary level.

Operators	Description	Example
&	AND	5 & 1
\|	OR	5 \| 1
^	XOR	5 ^ 1
~	NOT	~5
<<	Left Shift	5 << 1
>>	Right Shift	5 >> 1

Example

console.log(5 & 1);  // Output: 1
console.log(5 | 1);  // Output: 5
console.log(5 ^ 1);  // Output: 4
console.log(~5);     // Output: -6
console.log(5 << 1); // Output: 10
console.log(5 >> 1); // Output: 2

6. Ternary Operator

It is short form of if-else statement.

Example

let age = 17;
let vote_status = (age >= 18) ? 'Eligible for voting' : 'Not eligible for voting';
console.log(vote_status); // Output: Not eligible for voting

7. Type Operators

These type of operators are use to check and convert data types.

Operators	Description	Example
typeof	Returns the type	typeof 'Hello'
instanceof	Checks if an object is an instance of a class	x instanceof Array

Example

console.log(typeof 25);         // Output: number
console.log(typeof 'Welcome');    // Output: string
console.log([3, 8, 11] instanceof Array); // Output: true

Conclusion

Writing effective and tidy code requires an understanding of JavaScript operators. Operators are essential to JavaScript programming because they can be used for arithmetic operations and logical decision-making. Gaining proficiency with these operators will enable you to develop better scripts and efficiently optimize your code.